What does the 'who' refer to in the essentials of writing?

In the context of writing, 'who' typically refers to the main subject of the piece. This is the central figure or primary entity being discussed or analyzed in the writing. Identifying the main subject is crucial because it helps to shape the direction of the content, ensuring that the message is focused and cohesive.

In writing, the main subject serves as the foundation upon which the narrative or argumentative structure is built. This allows the reader to understand the primary focus of the piece, whether it be a person, character, group, or even an abstract concept. The clarity of the subject aids in effective communication, making sure that the intent and the key ideas resonate with the audience.

The other options provide different perspectives that may be relevant in various writing contexts but do not define the 'who' as directly as the main subject does. For example, while the speaker influences tone and authority, and the audience shapes the formality and approach of the writing, these elements are secondary to identifying who or what is central to the writing itself. Moreover, the time period can provide context but does not denote the central figure involved in the discussion. Hence, focusing on the main subject clarifies the 'who' in the essentials of writing.